The Kurt Lewin Model of change in 2019

The Kurt Lewin Model of change in 2019

The process of change is always complicated and unable to complete without planning. organization needs change in their work style with the time to sustain in the business world. Time is not remain same always and works patterns always demand improvements and changes to complete the tasks. The concept of change in management is not a new concept and changes requires in all aspects of management to top management to low level management in business industries.There are different authors presented different models of change on different levels, such as individual changes belongs to human and change in management or departments, i.e. information technology, Marketing strategies, Research and Development and physical changes include machineries. Different sort of changes in business industries requires planning, preparation, capital, time and focus. All terms or aspects of change are essential to complete the process of change in business management in any firm or organization.Implementing chaining successfully everyone needs to make an effort. The most critical part in the process of change is humans and their desire to change.The human element is important because they need to agree and make minds to complete the tasks. Human psychology believes human nature do not agree to adopt new things in daily life and particularly in the professional field of work. Psychologist believes if human agrees to make changes in business it means organizations done 50% change. Training and motivation helps human element of change and the role of leadership is helpful for employees to make them agree. Today we are going to discuss a Polish social psychologist Kurt Lewin mode of change.Kurt Lewin is a polish man lived his life in America presented his three step model of change. 




There are three stages of change according to Kurt Lewin model change
 

• Unfreezing

As we discussed above about the human role in change is very important. Kurt Lewin is giving its the name of unfreezing stage. Lets melt human minds first. According to Lewin, Unfreezing stage of change belongs to human and lets human understand the concept of change, importance of the changes and needs of change. Lewin talks about need of change, make human mind move from current way of work to required work zone.He gave human current working behavior a comfort zone. Moreover, a portion of humanity, creating a situation of change and thinking about change will motivate individuals to make the change quickly. Furthermore, organizational role is important to make employees for change and management need analyses the concerns of employees and proper communication with employees can unfreeze this stage.

•  Change or Transition

The second and hardest stage in the change is transition because Lewin believes change is the process and things change in process and its an inner movement which react in the process. This is harder because people practically involved and they are unsure about the outcomes of the change. The period of transition is hard but communication and motivation can make this step simpleMentors and coaches need for planning and must explain the benefits of change to people. Moreover, the process of change can affect employees negatively so individual need to prepare for bad time. Furthermore, mangers direction, opportunities of participation and reward policy helps the manage these stages successfully.

• Freezing (or Refreezing)

Finally, change is done position is established. People made a change and accepted and norm became in the organization and people also become comfortable in new environment and with time they will comforts. Lewin give the name of this stage is freezing because people are accepting change and start working and believes more time will give them comfort. So new culture, support and acknowledgement start building. Moreover, things start developing and leadership gets feedbacks and rewarding amongst employees











       

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ADKAR model of change,modern economy and organization

ADKAR model of change,modern economy and organization 
 ADKAR model of change in modern economy still a useful tool to implement in organizations. There are many reasons to use this model because it gives the basic insight of change and employees are the main stakeholders in the resistance of change. If we consider the five steps of ADKAR model they are revolving around human means employees of the organization. The process of change only will complete with the organization if employees ready and train for change tasks.Well, There are two main stakeholder in the process of change known as employees and organization. Employees in the change process are responsible to prepare individually to meet the goals and challenges of change. Because employees basically main stakeholder who actually implement and work to make change successfully. Whereas, When we talk about organization it includes infrastructure, physical and financial resources

Awareness  

In ADKAR model when talk about awareness it include the awareness of skills and knowledge. Employees or top level management all are individuals and the part of the world economy and organization. they all are thinker and an important part of the change process. Employees must be aware about the business and professional expertises. they must aware where we are moving in term of training and development. If they are aware about their personal capabilities and requirement of organizational goals then its good and if not. Top level management is responsible to aware them for change.

Desire

Desire belongs to the inner force of an individuals which comes from the inside of mind and heart. A person should express the desire to change and become the part of the success. The desire of participation and support is required in change process

Knowledge:

Knowledge is something which is not constant and employees need to gain with time. In the process of change employees need to gain much knowledge as they can to achieve the goals of change processes and the organization need to clear employees to get more and more knowledge related with changes in the organization.

Ability: Ability is also a personal competence that how quick an individual can learn new skills, adjust in new environments and behave in the new environment of change. It is important to learn new required skills to make a successful change in the organization

Reinforcement:  

The hard process of change can dishear employees. However, with time its hard to stay in the old system where everything is advance and technological oriented. As research and development and technological advancement take time to learn desert many employees. Organsiarion need to make clear to all employees there is nothing in back in your professional life. world and working environment is changing so an individual have learned all new things. 

Usage ADKAR model of change in modern economy and organization 

ADKAR model of change has been used in different organization, i.e. KFC, macdolands, British Airways, National rail and in Education, IT and Banking systems. It was nice experiment in first world in beginning of new century. I think it remains a useful tool in the process of change when we talk about employees or individual change in organization. If we look at five steps of ADKAR of change model they discuss the step related with human personal toward organization. Simply, The ADKAR model developer Jeff Hiatt in 2003 talk about individuals, awareness, knowledge, desire, ability and reinforcement related with the organsiation.They link all steps of individual with organizational, i.e. awareness of the need toward organization, individual desire to make change, professional knowledge of change, the ability of new skills and behaviors to change toward organization and reinforcement. It's all about individual employees to a achieve organizational goals which is important for employees as well to change. It looks right but for human its hard to complete. Hence, organizations can face retention or turnover problems in the future in the process of change.Because human can feed up to do the hard work. Moreover, The element of motivation is important to add in ADKAR model. Because motivation through promotion and bones can only hold employees in the organization in the future. Because human can easily reduce with money and promotion. In modern economy its hard for organizations to motivate employees through bonuses and money. However, it's still implementable to work with this model in future in the process of change.

Journals and websites

•  Deloitte's Change Management approach;case study
• Journal of Change Management  
• Emerald journals  
• https://www.emeraldinsight.com/journal/jocm 
• Change Management Foundations - LinkedIn

Change Management Books

• "Managing Change" ,Book by Bernard Burnes,Originally published: 1992
  

• "Making Sense of Change Management",Book by Esther Cameron

• ADKAR: "A model for change in business, government and our community",Book by Jeff Hiatt,Originally published: 2006,Author: Jeff Hiatt

• "Leading Change", With a New Preface by the Author,Book by John Kotter
  Originally published: October 23, 2012,Author: John Kotter

• "A Sense of Urgency",Book by John Kotter,Originally published: September 2008
    Author: John Kotter

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Change , Management and applications

Change , Management and applications

Chanage,Management and Applications

A word change we use in our daily life for replacing things. There are different things include in change or replaces such as dress change, Professional change, drama change music change, place order and then change. Change in all process, change our mind and thoughts. In all aspect change is a hard process for everything. As a human we need to make our mind to make any decision regarding change. Because its a hard and tough mechanism to replace something. It needs time, energy and efforts to make decision about change and implement in reality. It is the hardest process to adjust with new change in our life style. The concept of change is old as human old in this world. People make changes in their life, indicdually and professionally as they found that the things are not going in the right direction. Some people make changes in professional lives to satisfy themselves, even the things are not perfect for them. Moreover, Change is a human idea to replace things from one point to another point to improve situations. So we can say that its a an activity which people try to do to replace different things for personal satisfaction. Furthermore, Change brings positive energies in an individual lifestyle. People make changes in personal life or family life, its called personal change and if an individual makes changes and decision in professional life, then we called it professional changes. Whereas, If an entertainer organization plan changes in their firms and business. We called it change or change management and change management is a more complete process as we involve different change models, theories and applications of communication and involvement of different shareholders or stakeholder in this process and we also give the name of change management. 

Change Management:A term "change management first used in 1900 with the world crisis in business industry. The revolution of the business industry in Europe and America brought massive success for businessmen. The business world generated revenue in billions. Many theories developed in 18th and 19th centuries by the different business owner, professors and professionals in the different field of business and business psychology. The drawback of business in early 19th century forced experts to think differently to made different business profitable. The concept of change  management first used in business in 19th century.Where experts, design different models and theories in change management and also other aspects of the business. Change management is a term which people use differently in business organizations for minor or major changes. Moreover, the advancement of the knowledge and research more divided the concept of change in the organization. There are two types of change usually works in the organization known as personal or individual changes where organizations work and make changes in people skill level and professional knowledge to compete in the workplace. In this way, an organization works to improve the level of skills of employees in the organisation.Its hard for individuals to adopt change and organization makes efforts to agree people for change to achieve high level of success. Although psychologists believes that change is a hard process because human mind does not accept the change process. To make the process of change simple prose developed the ADKAR Model for individual change which is considered the best individual model of change in organization. Whereas, the other level of change is called organizational change. This is the more complexed process of changes where changed required in management, groups and teams according to the projects


 In 21st century the subject of change management is very essential to understand professionally because the advancement of technology attract organizations to make experiments of change to survive in the business world. In first world organization have a departments of research and change management. Organizations required professional for change management jobs and position. The growth of jobs in change management departments attract academic institutions to design professional course on bachelors and masters level.So for professionals its a good opportunity to think about change management studies as the universities of USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Europe offers different courses. 

As a student, you need to study more concept of changes with the help of different books and online journals. There are given journals, books and case studies which can be effective for students and professional to understand the concept of change managements.

Journals and websites

•  Deloitte's Change Management approach;case study
• Journal of Change Management  
• Emerald journals  
• https://www.emeraldinsight.com/journal/jocm 
• Change Management Foundations - LinkedIn

Change Management Books

• "Managing Change" ,Book by Bernard Burnes,Originally published: 1992
  

• "Making Sense of Change Management",Book by Esther Cameron

• ADKAR: "A model for change in business, government and our community",Book by Jeff Hiatt,Originally published: 2006,Author: Jeff Hiatt

• "Leading Change", With a New Preface by the Author,Book by John Kotter
  Originally published: October 23, 2012,Author: John Kotter

• "A Sense of Urgency",Book by John Kotter,Originally published: September 2008
    Author: John Kotter

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Management and its different Stages or Levels

Management and its different Stages or Levels
Management is a term use in business for managing includes all kinds of managing i.e. planning, organising, coordanting, leading and controlling the activities. So we can say management is the process of different activities to complete tasks, projects and services. Management is the process of activities at several levels. There are different activities under the management and managing has done with the help of people and their level of skills. Managing is an art which done with the help of people. It's a shared activity with helps the organization to function on a daily bases. Management have different levels and all levels operate by people according to their skills and knowledge and at the end results will be achieved in the way of success and failures and all it depends on the skill level of the people understand the management. Management also belongs to the use of resources according to the situations. Different people use management is different ways and theses ways known as management models and theories i.e. Scientific Management ,Theory, Bureaucratic Management Theory, Human Relations theory, etc.In general, management is divided in three main levels, according to the level of knowledge, experience, skills and education, etc. Management three levels are low-level management middle-level management and top-level management. All organizations use the same patterns of managing in the organization and on all level people have specific roles and responsibilities to complete the tasks.

Three main levels of management in the organization
 Top level of management:
 Top of level management are responsible to manage and direct the organization. It includes goals, strategic plan, direction, company policies, creating resources and responsible to to communicate with shareholders and general public and work done by top level managers. Top level management includes board of directors, president, vice president, CEO and top level managers. Top level managers communicate on the behalf of middle level management and communication done with the help of reports, emails and video conference or face to face meetings.
Main roles and Responsibilities 

• Top management creates and set the objectives and broad policies of the business 
• It made the preparation of department budgets, procedures, schedules etc.
• It prepares strategic plans and policies for the business and stakeholders 
• Top management appoints the executive for middle level, i.e. departmental managers.
• Top management controls & coordinates the activities of all the departments.
• Top level level management is also responsible for maintaining a contact with the outside world.
• Top management provides guidance and direction. 
• The top management is also responsible towards the shareholders for the performance of the business and organization and also communication.

Middle Level management 
Middle level management is the group of departments and its run by managers. In most companies' managers works with assistance includes operation managers. There are different departments in organizations such as, finance, HR, Marketing, IT and research and development, etc. and controlled by managers and these managers are responsible to communicate at top management and also with a subordinate. Middle level management is different in different organizations and its consists of the size of the organization from big to small in business and chains or global, national and local operations

Role and responsibilities of middle level management

• To execute the plans of the organization and follow directs and orders of the top management.
• To plan for low level management 
• Middle level management participates in employment & training of lower level management.
• Middle level management interprets and explain policies from top level management to lower level Middle level management are responsible for coordinating the activities within the division or department.
• Communicate and sends important reports and other important data to top level management.
• Middle level management evaluates performance of junior managers
• Middle level management responsible for inspiring lower level managers towards better performance and motivation.

Low level Management  
Low level management works under teams and groups lead by managers ,supervisors, section leads, and foremen. It also known as low level management where team or group managers focus on controlling and directing work and employees and they are responsible to look after different operations and responsible. Low level management where managers or team and group leaders worked together so they are the motivational for workers to learn and progress for further supervision and managerial roles. In low level management team leaders or managers are responsible for following activities.

• Assigning employees' tasks Guiding and supervising employees on day-to-day activities 
• Ensuring the quality and quantity of production
• Making recommendations and suggestions; and Help to solve work related employee problems. Managers are career planner.
• Managers are motivital and responsible to give performance feedback 
• Low level management is also entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining good relation between labor and organization. 
• Low level management ensures discipline in the organization. 
• Low level management arranges necessary materials, machines, tools, etc. for getting the things done. Low level management prepares periodical reports about the performance of the workers and responsible to give reports to middle level managements
 

 

 

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PESTEL analysis and Review   

Business is the oldest activity of mankind.Thousand of years ago when man starts live a social live people start selling goods from one place to another place.The history of human trade is the old concept. People from different parts of the world do business.The signs of the old civilization in Egypt, China, India, fairs and Europe give the proof of business. In beginning people do trade with the exchanges of goods than with the passage of time man learn the art ofcurrency and exchange.Modern technology made the business activities faster than the past.The sources of information and technology brought a revolution in the business world.The exchange of resources and particularly human resource gave the business new shape. Moreover, The development of press, printing, electronic media and globalization unite the business world and businessman starts writing and teaching business in general public. Furthermore, different business terminology, models and theories make the business simple and reachable on the door of every individual.Today we are going to discuss PESTEL analyses for our readers. 

A term PESTEL stands for Politics, Economy, society, Technonlgy, environments and Legality. We can say that a PESTEL is a framework or tool of different factors which is used to understand before starting a business in different places. In the modern era as human works like a machine so they do not like to waste time.PESTEL analysis help businesses and organizations start business in different places. So we can say that PESTEL is related to the business or organization externally.There are two factors affecting business known as environment or external and internal environment.External environment is not in the hand of businessmen or organization. it actually an environment of the country where business will start.Every country or region has different environment.It is essential for organizations or business to understand the factors such as Politics, Economy, Society, Technonlgy, environments and Legality before operating in a specific country or region.In the business organizations, marketers or marketing department is a responsible department for analysis and monitor the macro-environment of the country which can impact on business.

Let's describe and understand the different factors of external or macro environment for organizations

Political Factors: Most of countries where official activities are in the control of government. there is a democratic system in most of countries work. political factor includes political system and its stability, government, business and trade policies, tax policy, business laws, international trade laws include labor and environmental laws etc.All these things are important for organizations to understand for operating business, making rules and regulations and marketing campaigns and policy. The stability of government is important for businesses otherwise an organization needs to keep an eye in the changes occur in a specific place.
Economic factor: The second biggest factor organizations need to review is economic activities of the specific region or country. It includes economic growth, interest rate, exchange rate, the level of inflation.. Marketers or expert divides this factor in macro economical and micro economical factors to understand the governmental interest as macro and consumer behavior in term of spending income as a micro. In macro economic its belong to the government how government does the business with organization by using interest rate, taxation policy and other systems of business.
Social Factors:Social factor belongs to the people of the country, population, religion, norms races, beliefs, Atitude, age, professions, health and way of living. Different people live with local and cultural style and it's important to understand the customer values because in business people or customers are a stakeholder. All aspects of social factors are important for marketer to fully understand. Technological Factors:In the modern world the use of technology and understanding with technological equipment is important for organization to emails. It's essential for organizations to get facts and figure about how people of the country use modern technology generally and professionally because the organization needs labor for producing goods and services, distribution and communication and target markets and customers. It helps firm to choose a different way of communication for public. 
Environmental Factors:It includes how an organization follows government environmental policies and the use of human and environmental friendly raw material and wastage in the process of production.
Legal Factor: Different countries have own laws in society and business and marketers need to understand and behave ethically. International companies need more deep observation if they are not operating on native place. Because local people take this legal issue sensitively and Marketers need These factors, such as health and safety, equal opportunities within the organization on workplace and advertising standards, consumer rights and laws, product labelling and product safety externally when they will present products in society commercially.

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What is the SWOT analyses?

What is the SWOT analyses?


SWOT analysis
SWOT analysis is the simplest and four step process for analysis the company's internal and external expertise. Expertise means about the company's good and bad things. Offically SWOT stand for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats, etc.These are four main step process which can individuals or competitors can do to understand other competitors. The main purpose to do a SWOT analysis to understand an organisation internal strengths and weakness because organisational internal environment belongs with its strengths and weakness. Internal environment strengths and weakness completely in the hand of management. Organization can overcome weakness and build or improve strengths. There are too many stakeholders who are serious about internal analysis of the company.There are competitors in the same business to get an edge on the competitors and other are can be current and those employees who wants to be the part of this business. Strength helps the company to progress in business and do business. Whereas, Weakness of a company can destroy the business.
Opportunities and threats are the external analysis of the company and its related to the internal environment. Opportunties and threats come from outside companies and a company have no control on the external environment. However, a company can predict these two elements. Research and development department is responsible to analyses opportunities and threats. opportunities always bring positivity and threats brings negativity in organizations.Opportunities are external and other environments such as politically stability, advancement in technology, best economic situation of the country and social and cultural changes can be opportunities for organization. Although opportunities belong to external environment still a firms need to analysis time to time. Moreover, If a firm unable to manage and study external environment, it can be a threats for a company. Business always in threats sometimes new entry of the same nature of business is a big threat for organizations or a company.

Strengths of the organisation
After review the business of an organisation these are main steps known as a strenghts of the business.
Employees: Number of employees or the productivity of employees is the strength. Employees basically a stakeholder who works for an organization and roles and freedom of work gives employees strength to complete tasks. examples, WL Gore, Mcdolands, Apple, Samsung, Tata in India, Sainsbury&Tesco. All companies have huge employees in numbers.
Departments: Different department can be the strength of the company. It includes, Marketing, Research and Development, HR and account department, etc.Strong departments such as marketing department of Coca cola, Pepsi, NEstle, Ali express and Zameen.com always campaigned strange about its products and HR departments of  acompany.Banks i.e. Barclay, Netwest, HSBC, JPMorgan Chase & Co, United States Wells Fargo & Co and bank of Scotland are the best example of select employees for the right jobs. Moreover, Research and development department of NASA and CPD spend billions of dollars on research and development.
Loyal Customer: Loyalty belongs to the quality of products which make customers loyalty. In modern world loyalty for customers depends on quality the products. The best loyal customers example is Apple and Samsung in mobile phones, Zara, Walmart and Marks & Marks in retail have billion of loyal customers.
Revenue and Capital: Extra reserves and cash are also included in strengths of the company. Because this capital can be spent on bonuses and research to make firm more strong Walmart, State Grid Corporation of China, Sinopec Group, China National Petroleum Corporation, Toyota Motor, Apple Inc, Exxon Mobil, Johnson & Johnson, Intel, Volkswagen, Novartis, Microsoft, Samsung, Facebook and Google etc. always with big revenue.
Quality and Brand Image: Quality of product and brand image are two factors in the strengths of the company. Some people know about the company with its product and brand logo. I. e. Barclay, Mcdolands, KFC, Burger King, British airways, Facebook, Mauritius, Google, Nike, Superdry.Farri and Boss etc.

Weakness: 
Weakness of the company impact negatively on company business and can be a disadvantage for a firm. These can be a main weakness of a firm. 
Prices and quality level: Prices level and product quality can be a weakness of the company if we compare between two competitors in term of difference. Because people give the price of better quality rather than high price and low quality.  
Training and development: Training and development is the part a parcel of the company. Most of company avoid training and development programs which are the weakness of the company and then their revenue start decreasing. the best examples are very town,zameen.com PIA, Poundland, Primark, H&M and Tecso are spending less on research and development etc.
Poor marketing: Marketing is an essential tool for sale products. if marketing is strong products sales volumes will increase and if its less in budgets the products, sales decrease. No one know company without good marketing and brand name.
Rules and regulations: Rules and regulation are every importance of the work place. Many organsiatons do not implement rules and regulations and the best example is WL gore and the FedEx company with the own work habits. 

Opportunities: 
opportunities are an external analysis of the company and its helps an organization to create opportunities for others and for organizations. opportunities can be in term of finance, human development, research and development and technological advancement in the firm and it helps an organization to adopt and progress in the business world.
Research and development: In globalization, its a big opportunity for the different firms to work everywhere in the world. Same research and development brings different talents from different parts of the world. Best examples a hotel industry internship programs bring different cultures  while it practing in UK,USA,Australia,Newzeland,  and East asian countries.
New ventures: In the political relationship among countries bring different local and international brands together.
Technological advancement and expertise: Technologist advancement helps a firm to promote its products all over the world with the help of websites. In modern world, mobile android apps brings information more fast from one place to another. In the modern era its important to use websites.
Social Media (SEO) social media is the power for any business in last few years. Social websites, Google, Facebook, YouTube, Pintester, Instagram, Medium and Twitter are popular amongst people. Social media is more stronger than any other media and traditional advertisement. Its more cheap and easy to approach for users. It is a great opportunity and strength for the firms. In many cases the usage of social media is strength, not usage is and weakness, planning to use is opportunities and avoiding it can be big threats.
Internship: Internship to university graduate, is another opportunities to use new talent. Its a big opportunity for business in mcdolands, Mauritius, Harrods, KFC, and media such as, BBC, CNN, Geo to use students. Moreover, banks, design companies, can also use internees as a trainer to pay less. It helps organization to spend less in the finding of bright talents.

Threats
 New entrants: New entrance of a new company always remains a big threat for a firm who already running a business in the market. New company it comes with new idea and advancement in term of technology, strong brand image and quality of product with a marginal price always cover market share and customers. The best examples to understand this point is the entrance of Microsoft against IBM, Lyca mobile SIM against Lebara in the united kingdom. So it's really important to review the market and competitor activities.

Political situation: Political situation of the country where business operators must be suitable. The sustainability helps a firm to run business and sales always increase. Political situation includes the term period of government. Because most of Asian countries, South Asia, middle east and Africa, where democratic system is not strong new government brings changes in economic polices alwas effect in negative ways. the best examples are Pakistan, Srilanka, Indonesia, and some African countries also included where economic policies belong to political interests rather than national interests. Moreover, we include religious and social factor in political situations because most of companies come from USA, EU, UK, and Australia, etc. Such company faces problems in middle east, Bangladesh, India and Pakistan in the name of religion. Google, YouTube, Facebook, and mobiles Companies, such as Ptcl, Moblink, iPhone, Telenor, and sang only in Pakistan lost billions of dollars because of terrorism and religious extremism. Firms need to analyze these threats before going to places such as Pakistan, Afghanistan.East, West and North Africa and middles etc.
Recession: Recession still on his feet since 2007 and there is a chance of new wave in 2020.According to The economist, just a 2017,18 big economy of use, China, India and some other countries started to enjoy except Britain again in the frame of a new recession. So again firms need to analyses the causes of recession before taking business away from native places.
Stricter laws regulating environment pollution: Environmental pollution is another threat for firms related to Aviation and Manufacturing. Different countries are restricted with the issue of air pollution particularly the United Kingdom, EU, USA, Canada and Australia. Pakistan Air Line (PIA) ban in the EU and UK for the operation because of jets low quality and fuel consumption. Moreover, manufacturing companies can face problems and heavy penalties if they do not adopt rules and regulations.
Currency fluctuations: Stability of dollar, pound and euro is important for new business as different companies' business in these top three currencies. 
Increasing fuel prices: That's a major issue for all business the fluctuation in the prices of oil affect all business. However, This threat can be overcome with the storage of oil. 

Examples of SWOT analyses
Birtish Airways Swot analyses
Mcdoland SWOT analyses
KFC SWOT nanalyses
Pepsi SWOT analyses
Coca cola SWOT analyses
Tesco SWOT analysis
Toyata SWOT analyses
JP Morgan Swot analysis
Apple SWOT analysis
Samsung SWOt analysis
Microsoft Analysis
Intel SWOT analysis

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